An outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 304 Essay

A layout advertising plan for the following year for Atlantic Quench 304 - Essay Example showcase. Hypothetical systems of Porter’s five powers, Ansoff Matrix and Marketing Communication blend has been utilized in this paper. The paper proposes that AQC must proceed with its mission of new item advancement fundamentally concentrating on sound items for buyers. A somewhat significant expense can be charged from the customers on the off chance that they accept that the items give practical worth. The worldwide natural product juice industry is likewise confronting various difficulties from the wellbeing associations in the created nations in regards to their greasy substance and the measure of sugar in these beverages. It has along these lines gotten hard for natural product juice organizations to hold their piece of the overall industry in face of unstable interest conditions. In this light, this paper makes an endeavor to make an advertising plan for Atlantic Quench Cranberries (AQC), a US based agrarian agreeable which have spearheaded in the creation of canned organic product juices. AQC had a moderate yet consistent start in 1930’s. It began as a helpful which was at first constrained by three ranchers from New Jersey and Massachusetts. Directly the organization is the top player in the U.S. organic product juice showcase. The example of overcoming adversity of AQC had been solid even in the United Kingdom since the time its entrance in the U.K. showcase. This report gives a detailed promoting plan to AQC in the following one year so the organization can expand its piece of the pie in the U.K. The legislature of the U.K. is attempting to acquaint measures with decrease weight and natural product juices are things which contains high volume of immersed sugar. Nonetheless, Atlantic Quench produces drinks with extremely low sugar substance and low calories that give odds of development in the U.K. markets. The economic situations in the U.K. natural product juice industry are very unique. An expected development of 10% has been noted in the estimation of natural product juice markets including the smoothies. In spite of the

A Letter to My Girlfriend essays

A Letter to My Girlfriend articles You are Beautiful. You merit the world. You are an astounding individual. I wish I could give you all that you need and merit. You have the right to be glad. You have the right to have individuals care about you. You have the right to be told each day how wonderful you are. You are my reality, my beginning and end, my one genuine romance. I need you to be cheerful more than everything else. I would quit any pretense of all that I have for you. You are lovely, savvy, mindful, adoring, decided, amusing, aggressive, thoughtful, striking, fearless, kind, steadfast, adorable, and great. You blow my mind each time I see you. I love you and miss you consistently we are separated. At no point ever have I felt progressively committed to anything. I vow my life and my adoration to you and I guarantee to continue putting my time and vitality into you and what we have together. Consistently I gain some new useful knowledge about you and I am constantly helped to remember how stunning you are. At whatever point we are separated, I am continually considering you. It is insane how each easily overlooked detail can help me to remember you. Your grin, your chuckle, and the sound of your voice are never a long way from my musings. I can recall the pinch of your hand as if you are directly here sitting close to me. Regardless of how far separated we are, you are consistently in my heart and in my considerations, and your name is consistently on the edge of my lips. Your quality in a room causes my light to feel so a lot lighter and my heart longs for you when you are far away from me. Since we are miles separated, I can't hold up until we are together once more. At the point when I see you again, I will never need to walk out on you. I can indeed utilize a limited number of words in the word reference to give you the amount I love you. I love you so much that you are consistently at the forefront of my thoughts, putting a grin all over and making my heart skirt a beat. There are such a significant number of ways for me to communicate my adoration and I plan on indicating you exactly how much love I have for you for an amazing remainder. I trust that my activities let you know the degree of my love ... <!

How to Create Your Own AP Language Synthesis Essay Sample

How to Create Your Own AP Language Synthesis Essay SampleWhen you're writing an AP Language Synthesis Essay, you'll want to make sure that the material you're working with is the best you can make it. Fortunately, there are plenty of essay samples available that you can use in order to start developing your own essay ideas.Many teachers today will tell you that a good essay is one that is easy to understand and that is able to present complex ideas in a clear and concise manner. Many times, students need extra help in this area, and the ability to work with real examples, while still teaching your own personal style, is a great way to help you do this.One way that you can begin to create essay samples that show you how to write AP English essay samples is to go online and search for a series of sample essays written by real people. If you already know a little bit about English, then you may not have to worry about going outside of your comfort zone when you look at the samples. Howe ver, if you don't know much about the English language or English composition at all, then these articles can be extremely helpful.There are a number of places where you can find these sample essays, including AP writing and instruction sites. However, it's important to note that you should always be sure to give credit to the original author, as this information is typically included in the resource box that you find at the bottom of these articles.You can also start to create essays using a language synthesis software program, which is available from many of the major vendors like Apple and Microsoft. While the AP Language Synthesis Essay sample provided by these programs is often fairly basic, you'll be able to start to get some idea of how to write an effective essay by reviewing the sample articles.In addition to being able to view a variety of sample essays, many of these software programs are also customizable and have the ability to make an essay from scratch as well. This i s an extremely valuable feature if you're looking to teach yourself to write more than one essay a semester or even a semester or two.While many students will appreciate the essay samples you'll be able to make with a simple click of a button, it's important to realize that these resources are not meant to teach you how to write. They are meant to simply provide you with a great starting point for you to begin thinking about how to write a successful essay.When you are able to find the right resources for AP Language Synthesis Essay samples, you will be able to use these as a springboard to developing and building a wonderful writing routine. Once you get going, it will be easy to notice a difference in the quality of your writing.

South Africa Apartheid And Oppression - 1695 Words

aquan Montgomery Ms.Isca World History A6 6-5-15 South Africa Apartheid (oppression) Oppression is at the root of many of the most serious, enduring conflicts in the world today. Racial and religious conflicts; conflicts between dictatorial governments and their citizens; the battle between the sexes; conflicts between management and labor; and conflicts between heterosexuals and homosexuals all stem, in whole or in part, to oppression. It’s similar to an article in south africa that people have with racial segregation between black and white . Many people need to know that indiviual have their own rights in laws and freedom . Everyone should have an equal rights and better community . A black person would be of or accepted as a member of an African tribe or race, and a colored person is one that is not black or white. The Department of Home Affairs (a government bureau) was responsible for the classification of the citizenry. Non-compliance with the race laws were dealt with harshly. All blacks were required to carry ``pass books containing fingerprints, ph oto and information on access to non-black areas. The apartheid in South Africa which was in effect from 1948 until 1994 was not only a racist policy which greatly affected the quality of life of minorities in the country for the worse but was a outright crime against humanity. It include with civil right that violence verses non-violence that the government could orShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Legacy of Apartheid in South Africa1635 Words   |  7 Pagesthe history of Africa. Perhaps, one of the most blatant forms of racism occurred in South Africa, during the period of Apartheid. From 1948 to 1994 non-white Africans were subjected to horrific treatment, enforced by the South African National Party. The repulsive forms of racial segregation in South Africa, resulting from race and color, not only oppressed the colored majority group, but also denied them of any rights or human dignity. It can be easily stated that the apartheid movement bestowedRead MoreSouth Africas Apartheid Policy661 Words   |  3 PagesSouth Africas Apartheid Policy of 1948 Nazi practices during World War II were so horrific that many countries began to feel shame about internal racial problems in home countries. In France, the United Kingdom, and the United States liberal politicians and intellectuals began to condemn racism against non-whites and push for civil rights reforms. South Africa, however, did not follow the same route. The White minority of South Africa decided to build a state based on total separation (apartheid)Read MoreWomen s Life And Actions Towards White South Africans1329 Words   |  6 PagesMother, the author Sindiwe Magona humanizes Mxolisi by challenging white supremacy with perspective, realism and historicize to educate readers on the impacts of apartheid. Perspective is defined as â€Å"a visible scene; a view or prospect, esp. an extensive one† (OED), and it gives an insight on what black South Africans experience during apartheid. Realism is defined as â€Å"a real fact, experience, or situation† (OED). This emphasizes the realities of the separation of powers between the whites and the blacksRead MoreApartheid Essay1025 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Apartheid Rusty Keller ENG 125 David Makhanlall October 15, 2013 Apartheid Children are often different from adults because they are often unaware of the rules that adults abide by. Nadine Gordimer held strong feelings of opposition to apartheid, which was a socioeconomic system in South Africa after 1948 that focused on the oppression and segregation of the non-white citizens who formed the majority of South Africa’s population, and her feelings are usually a dominate themeRead MoreWhat Is Apartheid ?619 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is apartheid? The word apartheid means †to keep apart† in Afrikaan, which is the language, that most of the white people in South Africa speaks. Apartheid is a racist ideology, and the goal is to separate the different races, and to give the white people all the power in the society. The apartheid ideology was developed in South Africa for hundreds of years ago, but it wasn’t a part of politics before 1948. In apartheid, you split the population into four groups. The black The colored Read MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesNelson Mandela and protesters during South Africa s journey away from apartheid. It’s a curious ponder, in fact, that America’s and South Africa’s ascents from racial discrimination were possibly involved with each other. However, while the world may be convinced the nation is out of racist depths, evidence displays the rise from discrimination in South Africa is undeniably incomplete. There is a dangerous and unresolved influence of apartheid in South Africa today. After World War 2 was won byRead MoreHow Far Has the Importance of Nelson Mandela in the Ending of Apartheid Been Exaggerated?1748 Words   |  7 PagesHow far has the importance of Nelson Mandela in the ending of apartheid been exaggerated? It can be argued that the importance of Nelson Mandela in the ending of apartheid has been greatly exaggerated. Apartheid ended due to a combination of long term and short term events. The ANC represented the main opposition of apartheid while protests and rebellions caught the attention of the world, international sanctions put pressure on the south African government and something had to be done before theirRead MoreNelson Mendela: A Promiment Hero Essay767 Words   |  4 Pagesimpossible until it’s done.† Nelson Mandela is a renowned African leader and is known for advocating love, peace and unity. Nelson was keen for transforming a model of racial separation and oppression into an open democracy. In his time, Nelson served a significant role as former president of South Africa during the Apartheid era. Before he became a hero, he underwent overwhelming obstacles. Nelson spent 27 years in prison not for a murder or act of genocide he committed, but for standing up t o his politicalRead MoreThe Anti Apartheid Movement And The Libyan Revolution1659 Words   |  7 Pagessocieties of South Africa in the twentieth century and Libya in the twenty-first century. In Libya, Muammar Gaddafi overthrew King Idris, the previous ruler, and sought to create an Arab nationalist state while repressing civil liberties. However, the Arab Spring impelled the Libyan people to finally rebel against Gaddafi’s repressive policies. In South Africa, the Nationalist Party, elected in 1948, enacted a policy of systematic racial segregation and oppression known as apartheid . This oppressiveRead MoreGordimer s What Were You Dreaming?994 Words   |  4 PagesGordimer’s â€Å"What were you dreaming?† is known to be a very sensitive, open account of her private and social relationship in South Africa. Gordimer witnessed the difference between the white minority, and their continuous efforts to weaken the rights of the black population. Gordimer made it her duty to promote the consequences of the apartheid, the problems that oppression inflicts on both the colonized (settled) and the colonizers (immigrants), its effect on daily life, and the division it caused

Classical Management Vs Behavioral Management Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1461 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? It is Classical management and behavioral management. Brief comparison of the two methods simply, classical management treat productivity and efficiency are the most important things. Whereas, behavioral management emphasis on human emotions and relationships. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Classical Management Vs Behavioral Management Business Essay" essay for you Create order The object of those theories is same that focus on the way how employers can manage well their employees and peoples work. But they have different view point to reach it. The classical management theory says that it was devised to make more productivity and efficiency The first I will introduce Taylors Scientific Management. He called the father of scientific management tried to increase productivity through the efficient utilization of human resources as emphasis on the management of the job. He insisted to maximize workers productivity, all duties have to be developed by scientific method. In detail, He studied and researched about workers day time and action in order to determine the appropriate workload in scientific way. Because He thought uncertain workload should be fixed. And also who achieve their workload gets more wages than who doesnt achieve it to encourage employees to reach their goal by division of labor and cooperative. Here are main four scientific manag ement principles. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"   The development of true science ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" ¡ Scientific selection of workers ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" ¢ Workers science education and development ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" £ Cooperative between managers and workers This principle is not mismatch but cooperative harmony, not limited output, but the maximum output, the development for maximum efficiency. Another theory is by Henri fayol who called the true father modern management. Taylor mainly focused to only management to the work of the production place, whereas Fayol tried to confront with management of the entire corporate organization. He insisted that at management activities, six elements. It is technical activities (production, manufacturing, processing), protection activities (goods and the protection of employees), commercial activity (purchase, sale, or exchange), financing activities (procurement of capital and opera ting), accounting activities (list of assets, balance sheet, cost, statistics), and management activities (planning, organizing, directing, coordination, and control). He thought that as expanding the scale of organization, It result will be that the number of employees who treat materials or machinery going up. So, management about these practitioners influences the success of the company. In performing the six management activities, it requires fourteen general rules. It is division of labor, authority and discipline, responsibility, unification of the unification of command, commanding, for the benefit of the entire subjection of individuals, maintenance, centralization, chain of hierarchy, order, fairness, and stability of the workplace, leadership, and esprit de corps The last theory Im introducing is Max Webers bureaucracy. Today, bureaucracy be thought inefficiencies, inelasticity, and illegitimate power, but the initial bureaucracy hold a lots of positive meanings. Web er (1864 ~ 1920) insisted that bureaucracy for rational and efficient operating to a huge organization. Bureaucracy theory is fundamentally based on the theory about the structure of authority. The traits of bureaucracy are that rules and procedures should be thoroughly formulated in case instability of organization as making decision depended on administrators subjective judgment. Administrators think it is most important feature to regulate and enact. And also the most important goal in the bureaucracy is efficiency. To reach it, they give to employees to specialized task. By using this way managing by non-personalized, regardless of the ability of individuals, company has stability maintenance. When organizational environment is stable, and huge, such as military organization or government agency regardless of human element, It is suitable system. But for rapidly changing technology environment isnt suitable. As I mentioned earlier, the classical management contributes t o increase the work efficiency through mass production, but If focused only underclass in the factory sector, it just treat how to improve efficiency at only there. In addition, it considered the workers as slaves of wages. It means that if employees have reasonable amounts of tasks, employees considered as working machinery not human. And also there is no mention about communication between each other or vertical relationships. To solve those problems, behavioral management appeared. It focused on the way a manager should personally manage to motivate employees. Especially by The Hawthorne study, They were able to establish the main concepts of behavioral management. As Elton Mayo did four times experiment, He thought corporate organization is the technical and economic systems, as well as the social system. Thats why Individuals are motivated by a variety of social and psychological factors as well as economic incentives. So, informal organization is an important factor to dete rmine a workers attitude and performance. In detail, Development of efficient way to communicate between each other is important as one of the useful ways. By combining workers satisfaction and productivity, it can bring increased organizational effectiveness The Hawthorne study impact and give an opportunity to increase the interest and recognize that the human things such as peoples feelings, attitudes, desires, and social relations etc in organization. Role is very important for productivity. In other words, human is the most important element of operating to efficient and rational organization. It means motivation not economics should be emphasize with the social characteristics of the work environment. At result, Happy employees can make higher performance. Abraham Maslow also one of who believe the behavioral management. At Motivation and personality (1964), he proposed a five hierarchy of desires. In other words, the human desire to exist as physiological needs (physiol ogical needs), safety needs (safety needs), social needs (social needs), desire to respect (esteem needs), and self-actualization need (self-actualization needs). Another person is Douglas McGregor. He insisted that there is a theory X has negative view about human and theory Y has positive view. Theory X is consistent with the views of the scientific management. Human hates to do work originally, tends to avoid responsibility. They just work with short term perspective. On the other side, Theory Y is insisted by people who advocate for human relations activities based on the basis of modern anthropology. Contributions and limitations of behavioral management perspective Behavioral management perspective, the human beings of current and future leaders to improve productivity is a key element of the organization was regarded as a mere machine, by the classical management perspective clearly had to reassess. The other hand, however, as well as complex and abstract as a the ory and there are many managers reluctant to adopt behavioral concepts, have each different claim limits are causing confusion in the selection of the executive Comprehensively, Behavioral management contribute to reassess from classical management regarding human is a kind of machine to that human is key element of improving productivity. However, the other hands, it has limitation not only too much complex and abstract as to do real action, but also causing confusion in the selection of executive Now, you can see the difference between classical management and behavioral management. The classical management is based on the achieving results, not motivations. But behavioral management is based on employee behavior, satisfaction and expectation. Both of them are to reach their goals, however, One of them emphasizes regulation and how best to the work, another is emphasizes welfare of the workers and how to motivate workers to improve production. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡ APPLICATION OF BEHAVIORAL MANAGEMENT THEORY Most of companies treat guests as king, but Southwest Airlines king is employee. When you think that treating employees as a king not gests, you might think is this company okay?. But actually, Southwest Airline was recorded No.1 company for making their customers satisfaction and having margin during 20 years. Isnt it ironic? Why they are No.1 company doing so nice to employees It is due to their management which is when employees satisfy, it is working as motivation. So they can offer the most satisfaction to customers. In fact, It is based on the reason that person who has love their company, can do nice to customers. Southwest Airlines makes atmosphere to employees without be discouraged. For example, If Customers to insult the employee, they express you dont have to use our airline no more than Im sorry. Evenly they just say please use other airlines next time.. This atmosphere can make employees behavior without restriction to do humorous and kindness naturally. T hey work and make decision on their own beliefs under the thinking that when they do right thing, company will protect them. Of course, They feel themselves as face of the company rather than machine, it can be motivate factor to do works Southwest Airlines is very good example to show that how powerful the employees voluntary system is. Hurb, Kehelor who is representative before said By giving freedom without warnings or instructions, employees make decisions by themselves. And by providing opportunities to make mistakes, they have flexibility on actions and thoughts. It occurs they can think by side of customers that what the best is Like he said, their good works is originated from faith, and trust.

John Audubon is arguably the greatest American...

John Audubon is arguably the greatest American artist-naturalist that has lived. (Pg.17 of source #4) He was intrigued by the natural world and at the same time enjoyed the elegant feeling painting brought him. Although he is not the first artist to attempt to paint and describe all the birds of America, â€Å"he was the young countries dominant wildlife artist for over half a century. Audubon used his artistic skills to portray American birds in their natural habitat. His knowledge on birds, the environment and artistic practices made his work extremely different from others. Through his art he dismays an intense affection for birds by using a scientific and objective approach. His passion for exploring the beauty of birds and the nature that†¦show more content†¦The journal describes in his journey to England to find a publisher of his â€Å"colored drawings†. Upon his arrival he soon found success. Everyone enjoyed the richness of his works. Audubon learned that i n the art world you had to be disciplined, diligent and open to anyone who wanted to help him. This attitude got many of his paintings out into the art world and his name was eventually well known throughout Europe. Audubon developed his own method and style for drawing birds. First, he would kill the bird using a fine shot, then would use wires to prop them into a natural position unlike many ornithologists who would stuff the birds posing them in rigid positions. He would prepare the bird, study it and draw it multiple times before starting the final piece. His paintings are set true-to-life in their natural habitats and he portrays them as if caught in motion, especially feeding and hunting. JJA worked primarily with watercolors. Almost all of his paintings include watercolor, especially his works from earlier in his life. He would also use gouache, black ink, metallic, pastels and graphite. In addition to faithful renderings of anatomy, Audubon also utilized constructed composi tions full of drama and exaggerated posses to achieve artistic as well as scientific effects. â€Å"White-Breasted Nuthatch† is a beautifully detailed watercolor, graphite, pastel and black ink on paper. The picture is so detailed, so full of life and color that it looks

Reflections on Destination Independence †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Reflections on Destination Independence. Answer: Introduction: The logistic system performs a major important function in the management of the supply chain thus impacts the profits, quality of service cost structure competition in the Australian industry sector. The actions involved in logistics evolve globally due to the rapid changes in constructing new industries, producing new products and enhancing new technological processes. In Australia, many companies are being developed by the better government agencies that improve the industry programs thus better logistical solutions to the firm bodies. The resourcefulness includes the introduction of the Freight Transportation Logistics Industry Action Agenda. It develops the bigger picture of enhancing the logistical analysis and activities that prioritize the development of companies. The logistic issues implement the economic growth of Australia by integrating the extent of economic dimensions. Logistics is defined as the accomplishments essential for the movement and management of goods and materials. The efforts are transported to the clients as waste materials are disposed by recycle action and reversely stream as product earnings and new equipment materials. Logistics involves transportation, storage, procurement, and inventory and packaging activities. In Australia, the overview of logistic is maintained through service and information foresight hence the infrastructure systems use the services to satisfy the customers globally. Through the various industrial activities, logistics is designated as the system that operates the procedures all through. It contains the essential mode for performing the industry activities as an independent series of the institution. Logistics are typically activities that take place around and within the borders of an organization while the Supply Chain management denotes of the company networks that synchronizes and builds together actions which deliver products to the market (Hingley, 2001). Logistics also concentrates on activities like delivery, procurement, preservation, and management of inventories. The management of supply chain also recognizes the market, new products, investment and customer service development. Satisfying customer needs involves the right undertaking of logistics at precise places during the right time and accurate cost figures (Sezhiyan, Page and Iskanius, 2011). Logistics Administration involves proficient and effective dealings of the day to day deals when producing the goods and services. Logistics is demonstrated in two categories that include the inbound and outbound logistics (Otto, 2003). Inbound logistics encompass movement of goods and raw materials to one company while outb ound logistics covers the transfer of complete goods to customers from the company. Transport Logistics includes the transportation of goods and services by land, air or sea and customs clearance to store the goods in warehouses by consulting for value added information of the services offered. The International Logistics focuses mostly on oversee activities and single business management. It creates an overflow of overseeing products and services in the market hence competition advantage to the company (Christopher, 2016). The third Party Logistics confirms the outsourcing activities that range in accordance to the trucking or marine cargo transportation by consulting the inventory chain and processing management. The fourth Party Logistics operates in a complex supply chain structure and process by negotiating and managing the third party logistics performance. It provides the designs for chain networks that supply the day to day control processes. The supply chain in an organization forms the network linkages of processes and activities for product value and services to the final customers. Supply Chain Management provides the harmonization of transportation, manufacture, catalog, and location for participants in the chain to effectively respond to the market service (?l aski, 2017). The chain involves important components that enable it to run effectively. It is a network of integration between the company players that comprise of retailers, manufacturers, suppliers, and wholesalers. Across all these, the management plans, implements, and controls all the networks involved in the chain. The flow of information across the supply chain is an important attribute for making monetary value. The company coordination and integration practices create a real world of supply chain thus conflicting objectives are avoided at all cost. The concept of balancing costs in trade services improves the appropriate costs in prioritizing the service inventories. It fosters a long term important relationship that builds strategic agendas that secure a stable supply chain team. Since there are too many suppliers in the market to deal with, an assortment of the matrix is frequently used to rank the affiliations (Jedli?ski, 2015). Logistic components include a group of activities considered in major processes. The invention management processes include the flow of inventory, packages, and processing of orders and forecast demands. Resources and other earning inputs are conveyed and warehoused in parts as services which are sustained by the converse flows that recycle waste products needed for dumping. Information flow provides the timely and reliable services that depend on the related activities of integrated logistics. The information on sales and supply forecasts the material and input orders that documents the export and i mport duties that are separated. E-commerce has developed the capabilities of information system costs (Morgan and Pritchard, 2014) significantly. The internet provides the companies with better new mechanisms of customer dealings with suppliers and the business world. The resource infrastructure provides the logistic services with human, financial and packaging resources. The warehouses are buildings where either containers or vehicles transport equipment to the terminals. Communication facilitates equipment and software transfer from one location to another. Transport Mode Sea and Road Transport is indicated by a wide range of infrastructure that facilitates the movement of equipment around the globe. Efficient storage of much equipment is through the use of pallets that are packaged and transported to utilize the process over and over. The packaged pallets contain groceries that firms own in pools hence they outsource the national transport modes. In transportation, containers are used broadly for all the cargoes across all trade areas. The international containers are operated by the hiring companies overseas, and transport is operated and also managed by the shipping firms. The vehicles that are involved in the transportation of equipment include trucks and other locomotives that roll the stocks around the ships and aircraft. The transport vehicles facilitate stock hallways through the roads, sea lanes and each mode is controlled by the traffic signals across the lines. Transportation also involves the use of airlines, railways, and pipelines. The terminals faci litate unique modes that handle multi operations through the ports and the airports (van den Bergh, 2015). An inland port requires the development for future and initial emerging mining operations in the locomotion processes. Sea and road transport companies have achieved the modal shifts freight movements through containerization services (Levine, Nozick and Jones, 2009). The two inland port options associated with the mining industry projects include the first option of Emerald and also the Alpha route. They develop the land and sea infrastructure that optimizes the costs of transportation of thermal coal. In Australia, anything that is moving in or out is subject to customs inspection and duty charge rates and physical clearance of goods services to their destined locations (Dooley, 2007). Although the Australian government does not charge duty tax or customs for all the goods unaccompanied by the owners for at least 12 months, those that enter the country while being used are charged within the 12 months. All sales must have receipts to prove the charges of customs for the value of each item in the economy. The shipping amounts of goods and services into the country are stored in containers that are physically checked by the customs officers before transit internally (Xu and Zeng, 2009). The customs declaration forms clear the enabled goods in the country by import agents, and the shipping services provide the paper works that costly ensure new residence possessions of procedures. Customs offices allow and also restrict the shipment of goods according to the contacts available. The r estricted properties are either flammable or corrosive item that is hazardous to the consignments being ferried through sea or roads. Animal products are also regulated by the Australian Quarantine department before they arrive in the country. The luggage shipment of thermal coal is classed on the perception of wagon standards and checked according to its natural state (Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2003). It is important to control the effects which may occur and upset the eco-system of the countrys environments. The safety precautions in the mining companies cause the customs laws to be tightened thus the product on transit is authenticated for the locomotives to travel to the final destinations from Germany. The charges of duty imposed on the shipment of the coal across the country depend on the hard work involved in issues of coal processes around the world. Warehouse management The mining and export of coal through the movement across chains simplify the stages involved in the production of steel from the raw materials of coal. Moreover, the production of building products and machinery logistics analyses the structure of the warehouses for the processing plant activities (Pletneva and Koshcheyev, 2015). The native and long-distance network is more extensive in regenerating the warehouse exchanges of goods between the long-distance networks and the globe across the ports. The activities undertaken in the house by users of logistics services facilitate for better operations in the classified warehouses. Production stream management of coal incorporates virtual handling of finished product within the plant warehouse (Svaetichin and Inkinen, 2017). The holding registers facilitate easier access to the coal demand while on transit at some point between the two locations in the country. The storerooms protect the coal products from environmental damage and deter ioration. The temperatures, moisture, and light extremes are kept constant to contain safe measures for the storage of coal products for longer periods. Warehousing and storage are considered a service production process in the distribution of coal around certain locations in the country. The warehouses are expanding to accommodate higher levels of coal due to the development of transportation services both on roads and in the sea. The logistic performance has diversely supported material flow thus efficient freight production processes. The warehouse is the distribution center where coal is received, assembled and repackaged across docks on vehicles and sea lines. The depots provide lower costs during transportation of products in bulk deliveries as the service providers offer buildings for the investors and the private property organizations (Oheix and Sjourn, 2001). The warehouse provides cranes, trucks, and loaders that affect the development and in corporations customers requirements for the optimal location of production facilities. The logistic providers exist as network services that enhance opportunities for coal production in the country thus reducing costs involved in the scope of the economy. The cost output provides the firms with terminal infrastructure which lowers individual cost on the logistic services provided (Corts et al., 2007). The traffic intensifies from one point to another due to the decrease in coal production cost as larger trucks are used to transfer the commodity among the centers in the country (Ribeiro, Larraaga and Cybis, 2014). The economies of scale lower the transport cost hence the external market is affected thus compensations are not entitled to the networks. The frequencies of network destinations of coal are largely joined by negative facilities and road congestions. The changing industry requirements have rapidly evolved the logistics system to meet the customer needs. Increased outsourcing of coal from outside countries has strategically promoted the integration freight serv ices in ports and road lines (Kaplan, 2010). The operating environment and service users and providers compete for one another to offer the improved logistic services that facilitate the development of Australia. Globalization has expanded the financial market of the coal trade, and technological information provides services that support the business. The movement of the product across borders is difficult, but it maintains the quality ranges of the commodity. Privatization of micro economics in the global industry for coal exposes the local firms to increased international competition. There is a significant change in the coal industry as sophisticated areas particularly are affected by the expansion of increased logistic services. The industry is restructured to cater for the production processes that introduce new operations in the input supply delivery of coal. The savings in the inventory management eliminates logistic production thus distributes the effective customer respons e by stockpiling warehouses and centers for distributions (Sheppard, 2010). The total quality management has also affected the logistics through increasing of source manufacturers and reducing the life cycle of the product. Technological advances have sped up the growth of external expansion of effective logistics in the e-commerce world. It has led to infrastructure improvements that the shipping engines whether on road or sea incorporate technology that increases the shelf-life of the products (Wiegmans, Witte and Spit, 2015). The system has upgraded to accommodate for complicated services that improve the transition of coal across the roads and the sea. Conclusion The paper has an assessment on the logistics faced by mining companies in Australia while moving goods and materials to consumers. It incorporates all activities enable the flow of waste and key infrastructural services available to the logistic economy. The components of information systems and data show that the country is impacted greatly by the quality and cost of competition in the market. Opportunities to increase the freight industry provide logistic issues that address the system chain management by integrating good performance to producer profits. The warehouse provision promotes logistical collaboration with other firms that contribute to the service chain operations. The specific mining industry fragments the logistical structures and independently limits the levels of assimilating the chains in logistics. The nature of coal being mined is affected by the emerging government issues and data provision to the interested parties that analyze the detailed logistic activities a cross border and around the country. Many industries in Australia can gain the cost advantages associated with the cheap acquisition of assets through the overhead operations. For efficient movement of the thermal coal across the point of origin to the final destinations, the logistic operator must establish practical services by buying better locomotives across the standard gauge rails. The wagons have to be maintained in a manner that provides better freight experiences to reduce cost of damages across destinations. The staffs who are involved have to be trained effectively to maintain the time frames for delivery of the thermal coal between the destinations. The government has to provide an inter-dependence nature to the industry to accommodate the freight movement and delivery plans .Rail transport dependence for coal movement to terminals exploits the maritime importation and exportation opportunities. Reference Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics and supply chain management. Harlow (England): Pearson. Corts, P., Muuzuri, J., Nicols Ibez, J. and Guadix, J. (2007). Simulation of freight traffic in the Seville inland port. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 15(3), pp.256-271. Dooley, E. (2007). EHPnet: Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(7), pp.A351-A351. Gunasekaran, A. and Ngai, E. (2003). The successful management of a small logistics company. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 33(9), pp.825-842. Hingley, M. (2001). Relationship Management in the Supply Chain. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 12(2), pp.57-71. Jedli?ski, M. (2015). DYNAMIC LOGISTICS STRATEGIES IN THE COMPANY LOGISTICS POTENTIAL MANAGEMENT. Russian Journal of Logistics and Transport Management, 2(1), pp.3-10. Kaplan, E. (2010). Comment on Destination Independence and Separability In Origin-Constrained Trip Distribution Models. Geographical Analysis, 13(2), pp.181-183. Levine, B., Nozick, L. and Jones, D. (2009). Estimating an Origin-Destination Table for US Exports of Waterborne Containerised Freight. Maritime Economics Logistics, 11(2), pp.137-155. Morgan, N. and Pritchard, A. (2014). Destination reputations and brands: Communication challenges. Journal of Destination Marketing Management, 3(1), p.1. Oheix, V. and Sjourn, B. (2001). European households portfolios: from initial choice to the final destination. Revue d'conomie financire (English ed.), 64(4), pp.91-103. Otto, A. (2003). Supply Chain Event Management: Three Perspectives. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 14(2), pp.1-13. Pletneva, N. and Koshcheyev, V. (2015). Logistics of a Building Company: Specifics and Methods of Logistics System Management. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 725-726, pp.1013-1018. Ribeiro, M., Larraaga, A., and Cybis, H. (2014). GPS-Recorded and Self-Reported Data in Surveys of Origin and Destination: Analysis of Limitations and Differences. Journal of Traffic and Logistics Engineering, 2(3). Sezhiyan, D., Page, T., and Iskanius, P. (2011). The impact of supply effort management, logistics capability, and supply chain management strategies on firm performance. International Journal of Electronic Transport, 1(1), p.26. Sheppard, E. (2010). Reflections on Destination Independence and Separability In Origin-Constrained Trip Distribution Models. Geographical Analysis, 13(2), pp.184-184. ?laski, P. (2017). Logistics Processes Management In Supply Chain. Archives of Business Research, 5(1). Svaetichin, I. and Inkinen, T. (2017). Port Waste Management in the Baltic Sea Area: A Four Port Study on the Legal Requirements, Processes, and Collaboration. Sustainability, 9(5), p.699. Van den Bergh, W. (2015). The Big Difference Between Direct and Nonstop Flights Is the Intermediate Stop Along the Way to the Final Destination*. Critical Care Medicine, 43(12), pp.2685-2686. Wiegmans, B., Witte, P. and Spit, T. (2015). Inland Port Performance: A Statistical Analysis of Dutch Inland Ports. Transportation Research Procedia, 8, pp.145-154. Xu, J. and Zeng, F. (2009). On the Problems and Recommendations of the Inland Port Container in the Inspection and Quarantine. Journal of Sustainable Development, 1(3).

History to the 18th Century

TAX TREATMENT OF SALARY -ITS NATURE AND SCOPE Essays - Tax

TAX TREATMENT OF SALARY -ITS NATURE AND SCOPE Essays - Tax TAX TREATMENT OF SALARY -ITS NATURE AND SCOPE SUBMITTED BY STUTI PRIYA OJHA BALLB, 7 TH SEMESTER ENROLL NO. - 0056150813 Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u INTRODUCTION PAGEREF _Toc467133005 \h 4 WHAT IS SALARY? PAGEREF _Toc467133006 \h 4 CONSTITUENTS OF SALARY PAGEREF _Toc467133007 \h 4 PROVISIONS UNDER INCOME TAX ACT 1961 REGARDING INCOME FROM SALARY PAGEREF _Toc467133008 \h 4 SECTION 15 - CHARGEABILITY PAGEREF _Toc467133009 \h 4 SECTION 16 - DEDUCTIONS PAGEREF _Toc467133010 \h 5 SECTION 17 - DEFINITIONS PAGEREF _Toc467133011 \h 5 NATURE AND SCOPE OF SALARY PAGEREF _Toc467133012 \h 5 MEANING OF SALARY AS GIVEN UNDER INCOME TAS ACT PAGEREF _Toc467133018 \h 7 Definition of Salary under Income tax Act PAGEREF _Toc467133019 \h 7 DEDUCTIONS FROM SALARY PAGEREF _Toc467133020 \h 15 CONCLUSION PAGEREF _Toc467133021 \h 16 INTRODUCTION Income tax is that percentage of a person's income that he/she pays to the government to fund infrastructural development and for other developmental schemes. All taxes are levied based on the passing of a law, and the law that governs the provisions for our income tax is the Income Tax Act, 1961. This income tax is to be paid by all individuals, Hindu Undivided family, firms and associations. The Income Tax Act provides detailed provisions on what constitutes an income. Income from different sources is taxed differently. These sources are called heads of income and are as follows: Income from Salaries Income from House Property Income from capital gains Profits or gains from business Income from other sources WHAT IS SALARY? Salary is a fixed regular payment, typically paid on a monthly basis but often expressed as an annual sum, made by an employer to an employee for services rendered. The origin of the word can be traced back to the Latin term salarium , originally denoting a Roman soldier's allowance to buy salt,( from sal salt'). CONSTITUENTS OF SALARY The two basic constituents of salary are : Monetary payments (e.g.- basic salary, bonus, commission , allowance etc) Non- Monetary facilities (e.g.- house accommodation, medical facilities , interest free loans etc.) PROVISIONS UNDER INCOME TAX ACT 1961 REGARDING INCOME FROM SALARY SECTION 15 - CHARGE A BILITY It includes full time as well as part employment . Salary foregone by a employee is also accountable. Tax paid by employer on the salary of the employee also constitutes the income of the employee SECTION 16 - DEDUCTIONS Entertainment allowance Professional Tax SECTION 17 - DEFINITIONS NATURE AND SCOPE OF SALARY Relation between Payer and Payee: The relation between payer and payee should be that of employer and employee . I n other words for an income to be taxed under head salaries the relation between payer and payee should be of employer and employee. Employer may be an Individual, firm, AOP etc and an employee may be full time or part time employee. If the relation between payer and payee is not that of employer and employee income received cannot be charged under head Salaries it would be charged under other heads. TEST: The test to determine the employer-employee relationship between the payer and recipient is existence of right of control in respect of manner in which the work is to be done. Income by way of examinership fees received by a professor from the same university in which he is employed would not be chargeable to tax under this head but must be taxed as Income from other sources under Section 56. Income by way of remuneration received by a managing director would be taxable as his salary income whereas the income received by him as directors fees in his capacity as director for attending the meetings of the Board would be assessable under the head Income from other sources. An official liquidator appointed by the Court or by the Central Government would also become an employee of the Central Government under Section 448 of the Companies Act, 1956 and consequently the remuneration due to him would also be assessable under the head Salaries. Remuneration received by a manager of a company even if he is wrongly designated as a director or by any other name would be chargeable to tax under this head regardless of the fact that the

Network Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Network Security - Essay Example Many cyber attacks are tackled through the Kaspersky antivirus. The security is dealt from many aspects by Kaspersky antivirus. Some of these aspects are as work regarding stealing of information, process of blocking for infrastructure, the stealing of money, destroying the repute of particular targeted organization. Many other techniques of intrusion are detected and explored for giving the enhanced security protection to the underlying system. (Kaspersky Lab ZAO, 2011). Kaspersky network security is the cloud based antivirus. It gathers data from the millions of its users’ systems around the world. Potential threats and malwares are detected and monitored. They are analyzed to defend the user’s systems from the dangerous actions. Kaspersky internet security 2013, with safe money, secures keyboard and others unique features; deploy new innovative technologies that defend PCs from sophisticated threats and viruses. (Kaspersky Internet Security, 2013) Norton antivirus was developed by Symantec Corporation in 1990. Norton internet security is an effective antivirus to deal with cyber attacks and provides best internet security. Dennis technology Labs in the year of 2013 performed a comparison that included the well known tools of internet security. Norton internet security tool is included among many other good security tools. The latest versions of all tools are included for the purpose of comparison. Norton provides protection to computer from the security threats and risks. The blocking process of malicious sites is performed on the basis of the repute of particular website and this is the good approach to handle such situation. Norton is considered among best tools that provide internet security due to the enhanced features it contain (Dennis Technology Labs, 2013). Norton safeguards the computers from viruses that spread from hard disk, floppy disk as well as travel across the network and

Human Resource Management of Sonoco Company Assignment

Human Resource Management of Sonoco Company - Assignment Example The paper tells that in around 1990, there was the problem of globalization which resulted to growth and competitive challenges. This globalization made heavy manufacturing to move from United States to countries where there was cheap labor. By that time, countries like China and India had cheap labor. Consolidation was another major problem. This was brought about by United States overcapacities which lead to increase of the market share of packaging companies from 40 % to 60 %. Consolidation also led to segmentation of domestic consumer markets which in turn led to products being tailored to the preferences of distinct groups of consumers. The beverages and food industries were highly affected by this. In addition, more attention was being given to packaging’s role in branding. To some extent, this led to standardization of seven to eight versions of products instead of one or two. As a matter of fact, in traditional retail, advertising was less influential as compared to pa ckaging. Packaging was considered to retain and woo more customers when compared to advertisement. A strategy was to be set in order to give the packaging companies the responsibilities of equipping themselves to changes in dime. This would ensure the packaging companies to compete towards use of new or emerging technologies and application of innovative tools as well as ability to speed development. This made many of the packaging companies to use sophisticated equipments in investment in order to handle abrupt changes in product design. By that time, many manufacturing companies started using one- stop- shop concept in order to consolidate their stables of suppliers. This led to a great improvement. Some companies like Hershey had spent many years on hundreds of packaging suppliers but after the concept, 80 % of their packaging needs were met by only 20 suppliers. This helped the company in the human resource management because of shortened production and delivery cycle (Case stud y task two). Impact of changes to Sonoco’s strategy These changes will help Sonoco follow sophisticated and coordinated marketing strategies. The approach will ensure a single point of contact within the firm to coordinate all the business needs of large customers. These will also result to satisfaction of the public and large customers e.g. Procter & Gamble, and Nestle. Sonoco has a great problem in supply management. Through the changes, they will manage to reduce the numbers of the suppliers and hence good management of human resource management in the company. If they adopt one- stop- shop concept, they will be able to consolidate their stables to suppliers. In addition, the company will compete with other companies in speeding development through the use of new or emerging technologies and application of innovative tools. Just like other company, Sonoco will be able to use sophisticated equipments in investment and hence handle abrupt changes in product design. Sonoco Co mpany will also increase its market share and hence a good chance of increasing its production. This will mark a good start for expansion making the company come up with strategies of improving the human resource management due to increased employees. Addition of employees calls for removal of manipulations in terms of performance ratings.

GraduateWriters.net Mission to Help Students Achieve Academic Excellence Essay Example for Free

GraduateWriters.net Mission to Help Students Achieve Academic Excellence Essay PHOENIX, AZ, JUNE 24, 2014 /PRESSRELEASEPING/ ACADEMIC WRITING IS AN IMPORTANT ACTIVITY done by every student, at all level of education in order to satisfy course work requirement. Students are required to undertake a variety of academic writing task that could range from short essays, assignments, SAT, IELTS or lengthy term papers, dissertations and thesis. This type of writing could be done either under time demanding pressure or syllabus requirement. As a result students are expected to output a number of papers at the end of each day, week, semester or term. But such time demanding output doesn’t always guarantee quality of resultant paper, says Peter Wartson consultant at GraduateWriters. net. In fact a research by National Academic Council for Academic Excellence found that many students resort to borrowing or stealing the work of others in order to beat deadlines and as result the rate of plagiarism has become so common place, that if every student who plagiarized was to be flunked, the rate of dropout will be worse than that massive open online learning courses (MOOC). â€Å"With this in mind many students sort the services of freelance  academic writers, who are seen as the first level examiners. They guide students on how to structure their research papers, perform proof reading and help students to avoiding mistakes related to grammar, spelling, phrasing and plagiarism. states Peter, â€Å"Freelance academic writers, should not be confused with people who helps students achieve shortcut by doing their assignments, no they are honest writers who guide students the way a teacher will do†. While this may help students reduce stress related to academic demand, some concerns has  been raised concerning the qualification of writers who handle students’ academic work. Mary White an academic consultant at GraduateWriters. net, stated that â€Å"Students should look at the pool of writers a freelance company has, example GraduateWriter. net, is comprised of only graduate writers who have various qualification in their field of interest that range from MSc, MBA, MRes, EM, LLM, MEng, MA, Phd, and DS. At that company, writers undergo series of test approved by our senior writers to ascertain academic prowess and professional skills in writing and research. The advantage of this pool of workforce is that clients are always guaranteed the best quality writing and editing service, which cannot be found elsewhere on the Internet. Writers are specialist, with background in Education, Medicine, Nursing, Finance, Communication, Media, Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences, Engineering, IT, Law etc. Other qualities that prospective student should look at before selecting an academic writing company include privacy and security, originality, timeliness, quality, revision policy, orders tracking, support and response to queries. A lot of emphasis should be placed on privacy as it is not only a right but a demand that every users online should be guaranteed of. If an online company published a student paper online, without their formal approval, it could lead to plagiarism and dismissal from school. Therefore students should look for companies that adhere with privacy policies and not let third party have access to their client papers. articulates Peter. ABOUT GRADUATEWRITERS. NET Graduate Writers is an academic editing and writing company that help student in carrying out  research work, gives advice on writing, referencing and proof reading. The company is composed of Graduate writers with specialties in field which can be advantageous to students. PO Box 89670 Phoenix, AZ Peter Wartson Graduate Writers LLC +1-480-409-1822 [emailprotected] net http://graduatewriters. net Source URL: http://pressreleaseping. com/graduatewritersnet-mission-help-students-achieve-academic- excellence.

The Typical Detective Genre Portrayed in Sherlock Holmes Literature Es

The Typical Detective Genre Portrayed in Sherlock Holmes' Literature The late Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was a phenomenally successful writer, not only in the Victorian era but is still popular today; his Sherlock Homes stories were perhaps his most successful, in which he combines realistic situations of murders and scandals with the improbable situation of such a successful detective. Victorian London was an exceptionally dangerous place to live. Prostitution, opium dens and murders were inescapable. A women's role within the household was very much dependent on her class and her husband, purely due to the fact was that herr husband was the breadwinner. They were to stay at home; sex was supposedly purely for reproduction. London's police force was around but famously was rather ineffective with solving crimes. This is one of the reasons Holmes was extremely popular; almost a fantasy world where a character with such an inquisitive mind could solve the most challenging misdemeanours. Conan Doyle sets his stories in the heart of England, London. Perhaps this is because the busy bustling town is ideal for such a character, London Is the most important place in England, and therefore surely Holmes must be the most important detective? Conan's Doyle's stories are all in some way alike; they all have a villain, or somebody who is believed to break society's rules. This helps the audience to gain interest in how the villain will survive with Holmes on their case, how they will be punished in the context of the story. Neville St Claire in 'The man with the twisted lip' was found guilty of dressing as a tramp, to deceive people to give him money. Maybe he did this for greed; he obviously was not in favour of ga... ...chievous scheme; "I surprised you by beating upon the pavement with my stick. I was ascertaining whether the cellar stretched out in front or behind." No reader would have predicted this was the reason for the beating of this stick. This is the type of fascinating unpredictable actions, which make detective stories almost addictive until the end and appealing to the reader. Conan Doyle made sure that all questions during the story are answered and no queries left hanging. This is alluring to all readers as the endings are moral and all dilemmas are resolved. Detective story's have become one of the most popular genre, authors such as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle manage to make even the most straightforward storylines interesting and appealing to all readers simply because of false trails, red herrings and the way information is with held to the reader.

Gender-role transcendence & Androgyny Essay

Gender role transcendence is the principle that involves the conceptualization of a person based on his individual competency and traits and not on the basis of his or her androgynous traits, feminine traits, and masculine traits (Santrock, 2007, p. 187). It is generally viewed as an alternative to androgyny, which is the characterized by the manifestation of both masculine and feminine traits and behaviors in a single individual (Santrock, 2007, p. 184). The idea of androgyny initially sought to clarify the various issues regarding gender and the differences in gender roles. However, there several reports and critics claimed that the principles behind androgyny posed more problems than solutions to the issues regarding gender. Generally, the main difference between gender-role transcendence and androgyny is the basis on which their ideas are founded on. Gender-role transcendence mainly uses an approach that is person-based. Meaning to say, when discerning or assessing a person’s proficiency and skill, it should not be based on his or her male and female traits but rather on that person as a whole. In other words, it involves thinking of individuals as people and not as feminine, masculine, and androgynous. Androgyny, on the other hand, focuses more on a person’s traits since it is the presence of both feminine and masculine traits in a single person. General examples of feminine characteristics include being affectionate, gentle, and refusing to use foul and profane language, among others (Santrock, 2007, p. 184). On the other hand, general examples of male characteristics include being dominant, aggressive, and willing to take risks, among others (Santrock, 2007, p. 184). Since androgyny deals with both feminine and masculine characteristics, when a male, for example, is dominant and aggressive yet is also gentle and affectionate, he is considered to be androgynous. References Santrock, J. W. (2007). Adolescence 12th edition. McGraw-Hill/Social Sciences/Languages.

Encephalitis Lethargica vs Witchcraft in Salem - 993 Words

In early 1692 Salem village, Massachusetts began to experience strange occurrences among their residents. Victims suffered from strange mental and physical illnesses. The randomness of the victims, and their unusual symptoms, led residents to suspect a supernatural explanation. These suspicions eventually led to the infamous Salem Witch Trials. Past historians have concentrated their research on the accused, while Laurie Winn Carlson focuses on the afflicted in her novel, A Fever in Salem: A New Interpretation of the New England Witch Trials. Carlson offers an innovative, knowledgeable explanation of witchcraft’s link to organic illness. She focuses on the physical symptoms of â€Å"possession†, which can include convulsion, hallucinations, distorted language and paralysis; which are all congruent with the symptoms of encephalitis lethargica. Carlson expertly supports her case with accounts of Puritan religious and medical beliefs, histories of witchcraft and mental ill ness, scientific studies of plagues, colonial diaries and court records to those of the encephalitis lethargica epidemic in the early twentieth century. In eight chapters, Carlson convincingly argues that the victims suffered encephalitis lethargica and offers persuasive evidence for organic explanations of other witchcraft victims throughout New England. A Fever in Salem is a stimulating understanding of one of America’s most unusual moments and offers a retreat from the Freudian, Marxist, feminist, and